Optimizing pyrolysis parameters and product analysis of a fluidized bed pilot plant for Leucaena leucocephala biomass

Clemente-Castro, S.; Palma, A.; Ruiz-Montoya, M.; Giráldez, I.; Díaz, M. J.

doi:10.1186/s12302-023-00800-w

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 4 Organic compounds detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the non-condensed gas obtained from the pyrolysis of L. leucocephala

From: Optimizing pyrolysis parameters and product analysis of a fluidized bed pilot plant for Leucaena leucocephala biomass

Compound	L. leucocephala Pilot plant, non-condensed gas (500 °C)
Compound	Formula	MW	RT (min)	Area (%)
Nona-2,6-dienal	C₉H₁₄O	138.21	4.020	0.89
Aldehydes				0.89
Ethyl 2-aminoethanimidate	C₄H₁₀N₂O	102.14	4.140	1.92
Pyridine	C₅H₅N	79.10	5.400	1.52
Nitrogen compounds				3.44
2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioxine	C₄H₆O₂	86.09	4.675	1.31
Dioxins				1.31
Furan-3-carbaldehyde	C₅H₄O₂	96.08	7.180	0.91
2,5-dimethylfuran	C₆H₈O	96.13	7.955	2.52
Furans				3.42
(E)-pent-3-en-2-one	C₅H₈O	84.12	5.240	1.94
4-Hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-one	C₅H₁₀O₂	102.13	6.335	3.26
Cyclopentanone	C₅H₈O	84.12	6.495	1.38
2-Methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one	C₆H₈O	96.13	10.425	1.11
3-Methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one	C₆H₈O	96.13	12.370	0.89
2-Hydroxy-3-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one	C₆H₈O₂	112.13	14.345	2.07
Ketones				10.66
1-Propoxybutane	C₇H₁₆O	116.20	5.840	2.12
2-Oxopropyl acetate	C₅H₈O₃	116.11	9.060	1.77
1-Propoxyheptane	C₁₀H₂₂O	158.22	25.825	1.12
Ethers				5.01
Ethylbenzene	C₈H₁₀	106.16	8.945	1.33
1,4-Xylene	C₈H₁₀	106.16	9.210	1.72
Phenol	C₆H₆O	94.11	12.840	1.96
2-Methylphenol	C₇H₈O	108.14	15.000	1.08
3-Methylphenol	C₇H₈O	108.14	15.580	2.17
2,4-Dimethylphenol	C₈H₁₀O	122.16	17.350	0.95
Benzene-1,2-diol	C₆H₆O₂	110.11	18.510	1.41
4-Methylbenzene-1,2-diol	C₇H₈O₂	124.14	19.820	1.46
Benzene-1,3-diol	C₆H₆O₂	110.11	20.140	1.15
4-Prop-2-enylphenol	C₉H₁₀O	134.17	20.245	1.09
4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenol	C₇H₈O₂	124.14	20.430	2.64
2,5-Dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol	C₈H₁₀O₂	138.16	21.610	0.91
2,3-Dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol	C₈H₁₀O₂	138.16	22.170	1.78
Aromatic compounds				18.57
2-Methoxyphenol	C₇H₈O₂	124.14	15.995	1.37
2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol	C₈H₁₀O₂	138.16	18.435	0.78
(3-Hydroxyphenyl) acetate	C₈H₈O₃	152.15	19.285	1.22
1-(4-Hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)ethanone	C₉H₁₀O₂	150.17	20.940	0.84
2-Methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	164.20	21.740	0.85
4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde	C₈H₈O₃	152.15	22.605	0.81
2-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde	C₉H₈O₃	164.16	23.155	1.60
1,4-Dimethoxy-2-methylbenzene	C₉H₁₂O₂	152.19	23.240	1.26
2,3-Dimethylbenzoic acid	C₉H₁₀O₂	150.17	25.245	1.74
Lignin-derived compounds				11.56
2-Methylhexan-3-yl acetate	C₉H₁₈O₂	158.24	25.090	2.32
Butan-2-yl (E)-but-2-enoate	C₈H₁₄O₂	142.20	28.645	0.54
Carboxylic acids				2.86
D-Allose	C₆H₁₂O₆	180.16	24.900	1.34
Anhydrosugars				1.34

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