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Table 2 The binding affinity scores of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypochlorite anion (OCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with 18 human nuclear hormone receptor conformations (14 agonistic and 4 antagonistic conformations)

From: Examination of the endocrine-disrupting properties of “active chlorine generated from seawater by electrolysis” in response to the European Biocidal Products Regulation: current knowledge and methodological challenges

HOCl (SMILES: OCl)

AR: − 2.1 (− 7.4)

ARan: − 2.1 (− 3.1)

  

ER(α): − 2.2 (− 8.2)

ER(α)an: − 2.2 (− 8.6)

ER(β): − 2.2 (− 8.0)

ER(β)an: − 2.1 (− 8.3)

GR: − 2.1 (− 7.3)

GRan: − 2.3 (− 8.5)

  

LXR(α): − 2.1 (− 9.8)

LXR(β): − 2.1 (− 10.3)

  

MR: − 2.0 (− 6.8)

   

PPAR(α): − 2.1 (− 8.9)

PPAR(β): − 2.2 (− 9.6)

PPAR(γ): − 2.4 (8.9)

 

PR: − 1.1 (− 2.8)

   

PXR(α): − 2.1 (− 10.0)

   

TR(α): − 2.2 (7.2)

TR(β): − 2.2 (− 7.8)

  

OCl (SMILES: Cl[O-])

AR: − 2.0 (− 7.4)

ARan: − 1.7 (− 3.1)

  

ER(α): − 1.5 (− 8.2)

ER(α)an: − 1.5 (− 8.6)

ER(β): − 1.7 (− 8.0)

ER(β)an: − 1.6 (− 8.3)

GR: − 2.0 (− 7.3)

GRan: − 1.7 (− 8.5)

  

LXR(α): − 1.7 (− 9.8)

LXR(β): − 1.6 (− 10.3)

  

MR: − 1.8 (− 6.8)

   

PPAR(α): − 1.6 (− 8.9)

PPAR(β): − 1.8 (− 9.6)

PPAR(γ): − 1.8 (8.9)

 

PR: − 0.9 (− 2.8)

   

PXR(α): − 1.9 (− 10.0)

   

TR(α): − 1.6 (7.2)

TR(β): − 1.5 (− 7.8)

  

NaOCl (SMILES: O(Cl)[Na])

AR: − 2.6 (− 7.4)

ARan: − 2.6 (− 3.1)

  

ER(α): − 2.5 (− 8.2)

ER(α)an: − 2.6 (− 8.6)

ER(β): − 2.4 (− 8.0)

ER(β)an: − 2.5 (− 8.3)

GR: − 2.8 (− 7.3)

GRan: − 2.6 (− 8.5)

  

LXR(α): − 2.4 (− 9.8)

LXR(β): − 2.5 (− 10.3)

  

MR: − 2.5 (− 6.8)

   

PPAR(α): − 2.4 (− 8.9)

PPAR(β): − 2.5 (− 9.6)

PPAR(γ): − 2.6 (8.9)

 

PR: − 1.4 (− 2.8)

   

PXR(α): − 2.6 (− 10.0)

   

TR(α): − 2.6 (7.2)

TR(β): − 2.7 (− 7.8)

  
  1. For comparison purposes, the free energy values from which the ligand–receptor interaction can be considered moderately probable are provided in parentheses
  2. AR, androgen receptor; ER (α,β), estrogen receptors; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; LXR (α,β), liver X receptors; MR, mineralocorticoid receptor; PPAR (α,β,γ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; PR, progesterone receptor; RXR (α), retinoid X receptor; TR (α,β), thyroid receptors; an, antagonistic conformation