Study ID | Participant (T/C/R)a | Sample size (male/female) | Intervention/exposure | Dosage | Duration | Generation | Outcome | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carman JA 2013 [26]** | Yorkshire-cross piglets (isowean pig) | T:84 | Mixed DK 42–88 RR YG PL corn and RR soy | Ad libitum | 22.7 weeks | 1 | Mortality | T: 14%, |
C:84 | Non-GM varieties of soy and corn | C: 13% (no difference) | ||||||
Cyran N 2008 a [32]** | T1: F0 mice | 36 | 33.0% of the transgenic corn (NK603 × MON810) (formulated in accordance with basal diet, similarly hereinafter) | Ad libitum | The duration of the F0 generation was not known | 5 | Mortality in parental performance (after weaning) | No differences were seen in the performance of the parental mice in all generations T2: 3 females of 24 pairs died before delivery for unknown reasons; C2: 1 female of 24 pairs died before delivery for unknown reasons; R2: 1 female of 24 pairs died before delivery for unknown reasons; C3: 1 female of 24 pairs died before delivery for unknown reasons; |
C1: F0 mice | 36 | 33.0% isoline | ||||||
R1: F0 mice | 36 | 33.0% GM-free Austrian corn | ||||||
T2: F1 mice | 184 | 33.0% of the transgenic corn (NK603 x MON810) after weaning | For pups, the duration was 7 weeks (3 weeks suckling to the dam + 4 weeks consuming the test diet) | |||||
C2: F1 mice | 185 | 33.0% isoline after weaning | ||||||
R2: F1 mice | 138 | 33.0% GM-free Austrian corn after weaning | ||||||
T3: F2 mice | 189 | 33.0% of the transgenic corn (NK603 x MON810) after weaning | ||||||
C3: F2 mice | 198 | 33.0% isoline after weaning | ||||||
R3: F2 mice | 194 | 33.0% GM-free Austrian corn after weaning | ||||||
T4: F3 mice | 208 | 33.0% of the transgenic corn (NK603 x MON810) after weaning | ||||||
C4: F3 mice | 202 | 33.0% isoline after weaning | ||||||
R4: F3 mice | 230 | 33.0% GM-free Austrian corn after weaning | ||||||
T5: F4 mice | 125 | 33.0% of the transgenic corn (NK603 x MON810) after weaning | ||||||
C5: F4 mice | 145 | 33.0% isoline after weaning | ||||||
R5: F4 mice | 199 | 33.0% GM-free Austrian corn after weaning | ||||||
Cyran N 2008 b [32]** | T1: F1 mice | 10 | 33.0% of the transgenic corn (NK603 x MON810) (formulated in accordance with basal diet, similarly hereinafter) | Ad libitum | 22 months | 1 | 1. Survive 2. Average life time of mice | 1. 2 mice of each group were still alive after almost 22 months 2. 16.3 months in the ISO 15.7 months in the A REF 17.0 months in the GM group but was not significantly different |
C1: F1 mice | 10 | 33.0% isoline | ||||||
R1: F1 mice | 10 | 33.0% GM-free Austrian corn | ||||||
Ermakova I 2005 [37] ** | T1: F0 Wistar rats | 6 | T1: Roundup-Ready soya (40.3.2 line) (formulated in accordance with standard laboratory feed, similarly hereinafter) | T1/C1: before mating: 20 g soya flour for every cage (5–7 g flour for each rat) every day; upon delivery: the amount of soya supplement was increased by an additional g for every pup born | Not reported | 2 | 1. Pup mortality (number of dead rats in F1/number of rats born in F1) 2. Pup mortality from every female in T1 (number of pups died/number of newborn rats) | 1. T2: 25/45 (55.6%) C2: 3/33 (9%) R2: 3/44 (6.8%) |
C1: F0 Wistar rats | 3 | C1: traditional soya variety | 2. Female No.1: 7/11, 64% Female No.2: 4/8, 50% Female No.3: 6/13, 46% Female No.4: 8/13, 62% | |||||
R1: F0 Wistar rats | 6 | R1: standard laboratory feed without any supplementation | Ad libitum | |||||
T2: F1 Wistar rats | 45 | T2: Roundup-Ready soya (40.3.2 line) | T2/C2: from 13–14 days of age: 2–3 g soya supplement for every pup | |||||
C2: F1 Wistar rats | 33 | C2: traditional soya variety | ||||||
R2: F1 Wistar rats | 44 | R2: standard laboratory feed without any supplementation | Ad libitum | |||||
Hammond B 2006 [42]** | Sprague–Dawley rats | T1: male 20 | Corn rootworm-protected corn event of approximately 11% w/w (formulated in accordance with basal diet, similarly hereinafter) | Ad libitum | 90d | 1 | Mortality | T3 group: 1/20 (died on day 92, the cause of death was unknown because macroscopic or microscopic examination of tissues showed no unusual) C3 group: 1/20 (died on day 64, a broken maxilla was found at necropsy) 1/120 (1 male in a reference group died on day 88, the cause of death was not apparent) 2/120 (2 females in a reference group died at week 5 shortly after the interim blood collections) |
T2: female 20 | MON 863 of 11% w/w | |||||||
T3: male 20 | MON 863 of 33% w/w | |||||||
T4: female 20 | MON 863 of 33% w/w | |||||||
C1: male 20 | Near-isogenic control of 11% w/w | |||||||
C2: female 20 | Near-isogenic control of 11% w/w | |||||||
C3: male 20 | Near-isogenic control of 33% w/w | |||||||
C4: female 20 | Near-isogenic control of 33% w/w | |||||||
R1: male 20 | Reference variety A of 33% w/w | |||||||
R2: female 20 | Reference variety A of 33% w/w | |||||||
R3: male 20 | Reference variety B of 33% w/w | |||||||
R4: female 20 | Reference variety B of 33% w/w | |||||||
R5: male 20 | Reference variety C of 33% w/w | |||||||
R6: female 20 | Reference variety C of 33% w/w | |||||||
R7: male 20 | Reference variety D of 33% w/w | |||||||
R8: female 20 | Reference variety D of 33% w/w | |||||||
R9: male 20 | Reference variety E of 33% w/w | |||||||
R10: female 20 | Reference variety E of 33% w/w | |||||||
R11: male 20 | Reference variety F of 33% w/w | |||||||
R12: female 20 | Reference variety F of 33% w/w | |||||||
Naegeli H 2018 a [35]** | CD-1(ICR) mice | T1: 32 (16/16) | Cry1A.105 protein (in bicarbonate buffer solution) | At targeted nominal doses of 10 mg/kg bw per day | 28d | 1 | Mortality | No test substance-related mortality was observed T3 group: 3/32 were found dead or were sacrificed as a consequence of gavage errors (1 male on day 3, 2 females on day 14 and 17) C group: 1/32 (1 male died on day 13 with an unestablished cause of death |
T2: 32 (16/16) | Cry1A.105 protein (in bicarbonate buffer solution) | At targeted nominal doses of 100 mg/kg bw per day | ||||||
T3: 32 (16/16) | Cry1A.105 protein (in bicarbonate buffer solution) | At targeted nominal doses of 1000 mg/kg bw per day | ||||||
C: 32 (16/16) | Bovine serum albumin | at a targeted nominal dose of 1000 mg/kg bw per day | ||||||
Naegeli H 2018 b [35]** | CD-1(ICR) mice | T1: 32 (16/16) | Cry2Ab2 protein (in bicarbonate buffer solution) | At targeted nominal doses of 10 mg/kg bw per day | 28d | 1 | Mortality | No test substance-related mortality was observed T2 group: 1/32 (1 female died as a consequence of gavage errors) C group: 1/32 (1 male died as a consequence of gavage errors) |
T2: 32 (16/16) | Cry2Ab2 protein (in bicarbonate buffer solution) | At targeted nominal doses of 100 mg/kg bw per day | ||||||
T3: 32 (16/16) | Cry2Ab2 protein (in bicarbonate buffer solution) | At targeted nominal doses of 1000 mg/kg bw per day | ||||||
C: 32 (16/16) | Bovine serum albumin | at a targeted nominal dose of 1000 mg/kg bw per day | ||||||
Qian ZY 2018 b [68]** | Wistar rats | T1: 40 (20/20) | 7.5% transgenic DAS-44406–6 soybean (formulated in accordance with basal diet, similarly hereinafter) | Ad libitum | 90d | 1 | Mortality | There were no test substance-related deaths, but two females in two GM groups were found dead before study termination. One female rat from the 7.5% DAS-44406–6 group was found dead on study day 52. The likely cause of death for this animal was consistent with acute trauma as microscopic findings included acute haemorrhage around the olfactory bulb of the brain, tongue, and salivary gland. One female in the 15% DAS-44406–6 group was found dead on study day 94. The cause of death was attributed to the jugular blood collection procedure as the animal died after phlebotomy and had macroscopic findings of dark red skeletal muscle on the ventral neck |
T2: 40 (20/20) | 15% transgenic DAS-44406–6 soybean | |||||||
T3: 40 (20/20) | 30% transgenic DAS-44406–6 soybean | |||||||
C1: 40 (20/20) | Standard basal diet (the main nutritional composition met with standard GB 14,924.3–2001 “Laboratory animals – Mice and rat formula feeds.”) | |||||||
C2: 40 (20/20) | 7.5% near isoline soybean | |||||||
C3: 40 (20/20) | 15% near isoline soybean | |||||||
C4: 40 (20/20) | 30% near isoline soybean | |||||||
Sakamoto Y 2008 [196]** | F344 DuCrj rats | T1: male 50 | 30% Pioneer brand 90B72 GM soybean, (formulated in accordance with basal diet, similarly hereinafter) | Ad libitum | 104 weeks | 1 | Survival rate | There was no significant difference between groups. The survival rates in each group were as follows 76% |
T2: female 50 | 30% Pioneer brand 90B72 GM Soybean | 80% | ||||||
C1: male 50 | 30% 9071 Non-GM soybean | 73% | ||||||
C2: female 50 | 30% 9071Non-GM soybean | 70% | ||||||
C3: male 35 | Commercial diet (CE-2) | 80% | ||||||
C4: female 35 | Commercial diet (CE-2) | 74% | ||||||
Séralini GE 2014 [74]** | T1: male (virgin albino Sprague–Dawley rats, (similarly hereinafter) T2: female T3: male T4: female | 20 | Plain water and 11% of GM NK603 maize treated with Roundup | Ad libitum | 2 years | 1 | 1. Mortality by the end of the experiment | Control males: 30% (3 rats) Control females: 20% (2 rats) Males in GM groups with or without Roundup: 50% Females in GM groups with or without Roundup: 70% |
20 | Plain water and 11% of GM NK603 maize treated with Roundup | |||||||
20 | Plain water and 11% of GM NK603 maize not treated with Roundup | 2. Mortality before mean survival time | Females in all treated group and 3 male groups fed GMOs: mortality was 2–3 times more than controls and more rapid | |||||
20 | Plain water and 11% of GM NK603 maize not treated with Roundup | |||||||
T5: male | 20 | Plain water and 22% of GM NK603 maize treated with Roundup | ||||||
T6: female | 20 | Plain water and 22% of GM NK603 maize treated with Roundup | ||||||
T7: male | 20 | Plain water and 22% of GM NK603 maize not treated with Roundup | ||||||
T8: female | 20 | Plain water and 22% of GM NK603 maize not treated with Roundup | ||||||
T9: male | 20 | Plain water and 33% of GM NK603 maize treated with Roundup | ||||||
T10: female | 20 | Plain water and 33% of GM NK603 maize treated with Roundup | ||||||
T11: male | 20 | Plain water and 33% of GM NK603 maize not treated with Roundup | ||||||
T12: female | 20 | Plain water and 33% of GM NK603 maize not treated with Roundup | ||||||
C1: male | 20 | Plain water and standard diet from the closest isogenic non-transgenic maize control | ||||||
C2: female | 20 | Plain water and standard diet from the closest isogenic non-transgenic maize control | ||||||
C3: male | 20 | Control diet and water with 1.1*10–8% of R (the contaminating level of some regular tap waters) | ||||||
C4: female | 20 | Control diet and water with 1.1*10–8% of R (the contaminating level of some regular tap waters) | ||||||
C5: male | 20 | Control diet and water with 0.09% of R (US MRL of glyphosate in some GM feed) | ||||||
C6: female | 20 | Control diet and water with 0.09% of R (US MRL of glyphosate in some GM feed) | ||||||
C7: male | 20 | Control diet and water with 0.5% of R (half of the minimal agricultural working dilution) | ||||||
C8: female | 20 | Control diet and water with 0.5% of R (half of the minimal agricultural working dilution) | ||||||
Talyn B 2019 [88]** | 3-day-old adult Drosophila melanogaster | T1: 278 (129/149) | Herbicide-tolerant w/Roundup (standard medium made with genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant corn (NK603), which was sprayed with Roundup® Weather Max at the rate of 32 oz/acre) | Ad libitum | Until all flies in the vial had died | 1 | The lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster | A significant difference between organic (C2 group) and Roundup® Ready with Roundup® (T1 group) (Cox proportional hazards, risk ratio = 2.706, p = 0.0073), while other comparisons are not (remaining p-values range from 0.146 to 0.869) |
T2: 227 (112/115) | Herbicide-tolerant unsprayed (standard medium made with genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant corn (NK603) without Roundup®) | |||||||
C1: 262 (138/124) | Non-GMO unsprayed (standard medium made with near-isogenic, NK603 progenitor strain into which the herbicide-tolerant construct had not been inserted) | |||||||
C2: 271 (134/137) | Organic commercial (standard medium made with organic commercial corn) | |||||||
Tang XQ 2019 [156]** | Sprague–Dawley rats | T: 48 (24/24) | Transgenic rice T2A-1 with cry2A* gene (60.75% during the growth period and 66.75% during the maintenance period, formulated in accordance with AIN-93 diet) | Ad libitum | 52 weeks | 1 | Mortality | There were no test substance-related deaths, but 1 female in the AIN-93 diet group and 1 male in the GM group were found dead at week 51, showing no obvious adverse symptoms before death and no obvious abnormality in the autopsy |
C: 48 (24/24) | Non-transgenic rice of parent ‘Minghui 63’ line (60.75% during the growth period and 66.75% during the maintenance period, formulated in accordance with AIN-93 diet) | |||||||
R: 48 (24/24) | AIN-93 diet | |||||||
Zhu H 2014 [193]** | Sprague–Dawley rats | T1: 20 | T1: 9.41% of Bt-799 maize (formulated in accordance with AIN-93G purified diets, similarly hereinafter) | Ad libitum | 13 weeks | 1 | Mortality | One rat in the T1 group died at the 11th week after the feeding, and no abnormalities or morphological changes were found by anatomic and pathological examination |
T2: 20 | T2: 28. 23% of Bt-799 maize | |||||||
T3: 20 | T3: 84.68% of Bt-799 maize | |||||||
C: 20 | C: 84.68% of Zheng-58 maize | |||||||
R: 20 | R: AIN-93G purified diets |