Table 3 Examples of the differential toxicity of technical glyphosate and formulated GBHs in human cell assays
Assay/marker | Glyphosate technical | Formulated GBHs | Differential | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells | 1640 μg/mL | 56.4 μg/mL | 29 | Martinez et al. [40] |
LC 50 in HepG2 cells (ppm) | 19,323 | 62 | 312 | Mesnage et al. [33] |
LC 50 in JEG3 cells (ppm) | 1192 | 32 | 37 | Mesnage et al. [33] |
1/LC 50 JEG3 cells (ppm) [glyphosate IPA-salt; Roundup Classic] | 0.000082 | 0.0081 | 99 | Defarge et al. [32] |
DNA damage to peripheral blood mononuclear cells | 250 μM | 5 μM [Roundup 360 PLUS] | 50 | Wozniak et al. [34] |
LC 50 in human HepaRG cells | 2 mg/mL | 0.04–0.1 mg/mL | 20–50 | Rice et al. [41] |