Table 1 Ingredients of the fermentation vessels, chemical composition and PFAA concentration of the PFAA hay and the PFAA-free hay

PFAA hay

7.998 ± 0.002

16.001 ± 0.004

PFAA-free hay

8.002 ± 0.002

15.999 ± 0.001

Concentrate*

2.000 ± 0.002

1.997 ± 0.003

3.997 ± 0.003

3.997 ± 0.002

Chemical composition, % DM

 Dry matter (DM, %)

92.37

88.90

 Crude ash (CA)

7.85

7.08

 Crude protein (CP)

7.07

18.78

 Crude lipids (CL)

1.11

1.69

 Crude fiber (CF)

34.62

30.82

 Nitrogen free extracts (NfE)

53.40

41.62

PFAA concentration, µg/kg

 PFBS

779.0 ± 27.9

<LOD^d

 PFHxA

235.6 ± 4.9

<LOD^d

 PFHpA

37.7 ± 0.7

<LOD^e

 PFHxS

489.0 ± 20.5

<LOD^e

 PFOA

91.6 ± 1.4

<LOD^e

 PFHpS

20.8 ± 0.3

<LOD^e

 PFNA

0.6 ± 0.0

<LOD^e

 PFOS

611.9 ± 9.1

<LOD^e